Stock metrics, with the formulas

A multiple that values the entire business, debt included and cash netted off, against a rough measure of operating profit before financing costs and non-cash charges.

How many dollars buyers are paying for each dollar of a company's yearly earnings per share, using either reported profit or analyst forecasts.

A P/E ratio divided by the yearly growth expected in earnings per share, used to judge whether a high multiple is being paid for by fast growth.

The market value of a company's stock set against the net worth on its balance sheet, where net worth is total assets minus total liabilities at accounting values.

The price the market puts on each dollar of a company's yearly revenue, a valuation that still works when there is no profit to divide into.

The part of a company's profit for a period that is attributable to each common share, reported as basic, diluted and often an adjusted figure chosen by management.

Three percentages showing how much of each dollar of revenue is left after direct costs, after all operating costs, and finally after interest, taxes and everything else.

A year of a company's profit measured against the shareholders' equity on its balance sheet, showing how much the owners' capital earned.

The after-tax operating profit a business earns on all the money lenders and shareholders have put into it, with idle cash taken out of the capital base.

The number of days between a company paying its suppliers for goods and collecting cash from customers for selling them.

Two tests of whether a company's short-term assets cover the bills due within a year, with the quick ratio leaving out inventory and other assets that are slow to become cash.

The cash a company's operations generated over a period after paying for capital spending, which is what remains for dividends, buybacks, debt repayment or acquisitions.

How many times a company's operating profit covers the interest it owes on its debt over the same period.

How many dollars a company has borrowed for each dollar of shareholders' equity on its balance sheet, a basic measure of how heavily it leans on lenders.

The yearly cash dividend a share pays, expressed as a percentage of what the share costs today, so income can be compared across stocks at different prices.

The share of a company's profit, or of its free cash flow in the cash version, that it pays out to shareholders as dividends over the same period.

The average closing price over the last 50 or 200 trading days, recalculated each day, used to show the direction of a stock's trend with day-to-day noise smoothed out.

The span between the highest and the lowest price a stock has traded at during the most recent 52 weeks, updated each day as the oldest week rolls out of the window.

A measure of how far a stock's price typically travels in one bar, counting overnight gaps, expressed in dollars and averaged over a set number of periods.

A measure of how sensitive a stock's returns have been to the returns of a benchmark index, where 1.0 means it has moved in line with the market on average.

The number of trading days it would take short sellers to buy back all borrowed shares if they used the stock's entire average daily volume.

A momentum oscillator from 0 to 100 that compares the size of recent up closes with recent down closes, so a high reading means gains have outweighed losses lately.

The percentage of a company's shares owned by the people who run or control it, alongside a record of their purchases, sales, grants and exercises reported to the SEC.

The percentage of a company's outstanding shares held by institutional investment managers such as mutual funds, pension funds and hedge funds, compiled mostly from Form 13F reports.

The number of a company's shares currently held by all its shareholders, insiders included, which is the denominator behind market cap, EPS and every other per-share figure.